Nutrient Comparison of Breast Milk, Cow's Milk and Goat's Milk

Goat's milk has many advantages for our body's health. Among the advantages of goat milk than cow's milk is goat's milk does not contain aglutinin. This will conduce fat globule of goat milk does not experience clusterisation, making it easier to consume. Another advantage, goat milk has lactose content lower than cow's milk so it is good for people who have problem with lactose-intolerant.

Infants who have allergies to cow's milk, it is advisable to use goat's milk as an alternative. In theory, goat's milk does not cause allergies and is easily digested than cow's milk, but it should be noted that the use of goat's milk is not intended as a substitute for milk formula. As with dairy cows, replacement in the long term can lead to anemia and intestinal irritation. If a baby under 1 year of age are allergic to formula milk to cow's milk base ingredients, it is recommended to try soy milk or milk-based formula specifically for hypoallergenic.

Incidence of allergy to cow milk is estimated to range between 3-7%. At this time the incidence of allergy to cow's milk or foods made ​​from cow's milk-based decline. One contributing factor is the use of antibiotics in cattle feed that has been greatly reduced and even in some countries have banned its use. Cattle must implement the "Good Farming Practices" that standardized, so that the milk produced safer, healthier and better nutritional content.

Symptoms of allergy to cow milk usually already apparent from the outset, and even in some cases the incident immediately apparent from formula-fed infants for the first time. Symptoms that appear are gastrointestinal disturbances such as vomiting, constipation, stools are very watery. In certain cases, sometimes it seems the baby has difficulty breathing and a runny nose.

Goat's milk has a unique composition of nutrients so that in some cases can be used as a milk substitute for cow's milk in the infants who had Hypo-Allergenic Infant Food to cow's milk. Consideration before giving the baby goat's milk, the following comparison of the levels of nutrients delivered goat milk with higher levels of nutrients than breast milk (milk) and dairy cows for every 100 ml.

 

PROTEIN CONTENT

In general, the distribution of the protein components of goat milk is similar to cow's milk, although the composition of casein is different. Goat milk contains casein glycine (especially methionine), arginine and sulfur was higher when compared to cow's milk. Casein contained in cow's milk contains 55% casein alpha, 30% beta-casein and kappa casein 15%, while the composition of goat milk is 19% alpha S-1 casein, 21% alpha S-2 beta casein and 60% casein.  

Perbandingan Nutrisi: Breast Milk, Cow Milk, dan Goat Milk

Nutrisi	Breast Milk	Cow Milk	Goat Milk
Protein (gr)	1.2	3.3	3.3
Kasein (gr)	0.4	2.8	2.5
Laktalbumin (gr)	0.3	0.4	0.4
Lemak (gr)	3.8	3.7	4.1
Laktosa (gr)	7.0	4.8	4.7
Kalori (Kcal)	71	69	76
Mineral (gr)	0.21	0.72	0.77
Kalsium (mg)	33	125	130
Fosfor (mg)	43	103	159
Mg (mg)	4	12	16
K (mg)	55	138	181
Na (mg)	15	58	41
Fe (mg)	0.15	0.10	0.05
Cu (mg)	0.04	0.03	0.04
I (mg)	0.007	0.021	-
Mn (mg)	0.07	2	8
Zn (mg)	0.53	0.38	-

VITAMIN

Vitamin	Breast Milk	Cow Milk	Goat Milk
Vitamin A(IU)	160	158	120
Vitamin D(IU)	1.4	2.0	2.3
Thiamine (mg)	0.017	0.04	0.05
Fat (gr)	3.8	3.7	4.1
Riboflavin (mg)	0.04	0.18	0.12
Nicotinic-Acid(mg)	0.17	0.08	0.20
Pantothetic-Acid (mg)	0.20	0.35	-
Vitamin B6 (mg)	0.001	0.035	-
Folic Acid (mcg)	0.2	2.0	0.2
Biotin (mcg)	0.4	2.0	1.5
Vitamin B12 (mcg)	0.03	0.5	0.02
Vitamin C(mg)	4.0	2.0	2.0

Molecular structure of goat milk is different from cow's milk, as well as its casein. Lactalbumin and various protein fractions of goat milk are also different from cow's milk. This explanation maybe can be used to explain why babies who are intolerant to cow's milk to goat's milk is still tolerant (Ribadeau Dumas et al.).

  Goat's milk also has a "curd tension" lower when compared to cow's milk and Jersey dairy FH (36, 52 and 78). It is suspected as the cause of why the digestibility of goat milk better than cow's milk.

 

FAT CONTENT

Goat milk cream subsides slower when compared to cow's milk. This is due to the smaller size of the fat globule. Besides that goat milk has a little more "globule clustering agent". Goat milk has fatty acids linoleic and arachidonic higher and also has a higher percentage of short-chain saturated fatty acids than cow's milk. These differences were assumed related to goat milk digests easier than cow's milk. Here is a comparison of the composition of breast milk, cow's milk and goat's milk.

Saturated Fatty Acid

Fatty Acid	Breast Milk	Cow Milk	Goat Milk
Butyric-Acid	0.4	3.1	2.6
Caproic-Acid	0.1	1.0	2.3
Caprylic-Acid	0.3	1.2	2.7
Capric-Acid	0.3	1.2	2.7
Lauric-Acid	5.8	2.2	4.5
Myristic-Acid	8.6	10.5	11.1
Palmitic-Acid	22.6	26.3	28.9
Stearic-Acid	7.7	13.2	7.8
Arachidonic-Acid	1.0	1.2	0.4

 

Not Saturated Fatty Acid

Fatty Acid	Breast Milk	Cow Milk	Goat Milk
Oleic Acid	36.4	32.3	27.0
Linoleic Acid	8.3	1.6	2.6
Linolenic Acid	0.4	-	-
C22-20 Acids	4.2	1.0	0.4
Arachidonic Acid	0.8	1.0	1.5

Goat milk contains caproic acid, caprylic, capric and lauric higher when compared to cow's milk. Meanwhile, palmitic and stearic acid content are lower.

 

MINERAL CONTENT

Ash content of goat milk is ranged from 0.7 to 0.85%. Goat milk contains sodium (Na) is lower, but the content of potassium (K) and chlorine (Cl) are higher than cow's milk. The content of iron (Fe) goat milk varies depending on how the care and feeding goats. Concentration "trace elements" goat's milk is generally similar to cow's milk except the content of cobalt (Co).

 

VITAMIN CONTENT

Vitamin content of goat milk is similar to cow's milk, except for vitamin B6, folic acid and vitamin B12 are lower when compared to cow's milk.

 

AUTHOR:

*) Rarah Ruth Adjie Maheswari, The Livestock Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Science IPB

*) Ronny Noor Rachman, The Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Science IPB.

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